Anti Passive Voice ( Concept )
http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AntiPassiveVoice
Thing
|_ Abstract
|_ Linguistic Property
|_ Morphosyntactic Property
|_ Voice Property
|_ Anti Passive Voice
Definition:
In the antipassive construction, the patient-like argument is either suppressed (left implicit) or realized as an oblique complement, rather than as a direct object as would be the case in the basic two-place predicate transitive construction. The antipassive voice is most commonly found in ergative languages. In this case, the direct object, which is in the absolutive case in the transitive construction, is no longer marked as absolutive, but is marked as oblique or is supressed entirely. The agent-like argument, marked as ergative in a typical transitive construction, is instead marked as absolutive, making it appear like the agent of an intransitive construction. [Polinsky 2008]
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Examples
2009-06-04 13:28:06
ma Ø tzyuu- n cheep t- i?j ch'it
tense 3.SG.ABS grab- ANTIP José 3.SG.ERG- P.RN bird
José grabbed the bird.
In Northern Mam, the transitive subject takes on properties typical of the basic object. Since in an ergative language the same morphological behaviors accrue to transitive object (P) as to intransitive subject (A), one effect of antipassivization is to dissociate the transitive subject (A) from its usual case assignment, the ergative, and reassign it the absolutive.
References:
Klaiman (1991:229) from England (1985:212)
2010-07-08 17:01:03
a. ʔaaček-a kimitʔ-ən ne-nlʔetet-ən
youth-erg load-abs 3pl.subj-carry-aor.3sg.obj
'The young men carried away the/a load.' (trans)
b. ʔaaček-ət ine-nlʔetet-gʔe-t kimitʔ-e
youth-abs antip-carry-aor.3sg.subj-pl load-instr
'The young men carried away the/a load.' (anti)
[Kozinsky et al. 1988: 652]
In (1a), the transitive verb 'carry' agrees with the ergative subject and absolutive object. In (1b), the verb is marked with the antipassive prefix ine- and no longer agrees with the object; the object is now expressed by an oblique case (instrumental). [Polinsky 2008]
References:
Kozinsky et al. 1988: 652; Polinsky 2008
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